What Is Latin America Definition and List of Countries

Latin America is a region of the world that spans two continents, North America (including Central America and the Caribbean) and South America. It includes 19 sovereign nations and one non-independent territory, Puerto Rico. Most people in the region speak Spanish or Portuguese, although French, English, Dutch, and Kreyol are also spoken in parts of the Caribbean, Central America, and South America. By and large, the countries in Latin America are still considered developing or emerging nations, with Brazil, Mexico, and Argentina comprising the largest economies. Latin Americas population has a high proportion of mixed-race people due to its colonial history and encounters between Europeans, indigenous people, and Africans. In addition, its population is a result of an unprecedented history of transcontinental migration: after 1492, 60 million Europeans, 11 million Africans, and 5 million Asians arrived in the Americas. Key Takeaways: What Is Latin America Latin America spans two continents, North America (including Central America and the Caribbean) and South America.Latin America includes 19 sovereign nations and one dependent territory, Puerto Rico.Most people in the region speak Spanish or Portuguese. Latin America Definition Latin America is a region that is difficult to define. It is sometimes considered a geographic region that includes the entire Caribbean, i.e., all Western Hemisphere countries south of the United States, regardless of language spoken. It is defined by others as a region where a Romance language (Spanish, Portuguese, or French) predominates, or as the countries with a history of Iberian (Spanish and Portuguese) colonialism. Latin America single states political map. Peter Hermes Furian / Getty Images   The most limited definition, and the one utilized in this article, defines Latin America as countries where Spanish or Portuguese is currently the dominant language. Thus, not included are the islands of Haiti and the French Caribbean, the Anglophone Caribbean (including Jamaica and Trinidad), the mainland English-speaking countries of Belize and Guyana, and the Dutch-speaking countries of the hemisphere (Suriname, Aruba, and the Netherland Antilles). Brief History Before the arrival of Christopher Columbus in 1492, Latin America had been settled for millennia by a wide range of indigenous groups, some of whom (Aztecs, Mayans, Incas) boasted advanced civilizations. The Spanish were the first Europeans to arrive in the Americas, followed soon after by the Portuguese, who colonized Brazil. Landing first in the Caribbean, the Spanish soon expanded their explorations and conquest to Central America, Mexico, and South America. The majority of Latin America gained independence from Spain between 1810 and 1825, with Brazil gaining independence from Portugal in 1825. Of Spains two remaining colonies, Cuba gained its independence in 1898, at which time Spain ceded Puerto Rico to the U.S. in the Treaty of Paris that ended the Spanish-American War. Latin American Countries Latin America is divided up into several regions: North America, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean. North America Mexico Despite being the only North American country that is part of Latin America, Mexico is one of the regions largest and most important nations. Mexico is the largest source not only of Latin American immigrants, but of all immigrants to the U.S. Central America Central America is comprised of seven countries, six of which are Spanish-speaking. Map of Central America. negoworks / Getty Images Costa Rica Costa Rica is located between Nicaragua and Panama. It is one of the most stable countries in Central America, primarily because it has been able to capitalize on its rich topography for its ecotourism industry. El Salvador El Salvador is the smallest but most densely populated country in Central America. Along with Guatemala and Honduras, the country belongs to the maligned Northern Triangle, known for its violence and crime that is in large part a result of the civil wars of the 1980s. Guatemala Central Americas most populous country by far, as well as its most linguistically diverse, is Guatemala, known for the richness of its Mayan culture. Around 40% of the population speaks an indigenous language as their mother tongue. Honduras   Honduras borders Guatemala, Nicaragua, and El Salvador. It is sadly known as one of Latin Americas poorest (66% of people live in poverty) and most violent countries. Nicaragua   Central Americas largest country in terms of surface area is Nicaragua. It is also the poorest country in Central America and the second poorest in the region. Panama Panama, the southernmost country in Central America, has historically had a very close relationship with the U.S., particularly because of the history of the Panama Canal. South America South America is home to 12 independent nations, 10 of which are Spanish- or Portuguese-speaking. South America single states political map.   Peter Hermes Furian/Getty Images Argentina Argentina is South Americas second largest and third most populous country, after Brazil and Colombia. Its also Latin Americas second biggest economy. Bolivia Bolivia is one of South Americas highland countries, known for its mountainous geography. It has a relatively large indigenous population, specifically Aymara and Quechua speakers. Brazil South Americas largest country in both population and physical size, Brazil is also one of the worlds most dominant economies. It covers almost half the land mass of South America and is home to the Amazon Rainforest. Chile Known for its prosperity relative to the rest of Latin America, Chile also has a whiter population with a smaller proportion of racially mixed people than most of the region. Colombia Colombia is South Americas second largest nation, and third largest in all of Latin America. The country is rich in natural resources, particularly petroleum, nickel, iron ore, natural gas, coal, and gold. Ecuador Although it is a medium-sized country within South America, Ecuador is the continents most densely populated nation. It is located along the Earths equator. Paraguay The small nation of Paraguay has a relatively homogenous population: most people are of mixed European and Guaranà ­ (indigenous) ancestry. Peru Known for its ancient history and Incan Empire, Peru is the fourth most populous country in South America and the fifth in Latin America. It is known for its mountainous topography and relatively large indigenous population. Uruguay Uruguay is South Americas third smallest country, and, like neighboring Argentina, has a population that is largely of European descent (88%). Venezuela With a long coastline on the northern border of South America, Venezuela has much in common culturally with its Caribbean neighbors. It is the birthplace of the liberator of South America, Simon Bolivar. The Caribbean Greater Antilles political map. siraanamwong / Getty Images The Caribbean is the sub-region with the most diverse history of European colonization: Spanish, French, English, Dutch, and Kreyol are all spoken. Only the Spanish-speaking countries will be discussed in this article. Cuba The last Spanish colony to gain its independence, Cuba is the largest and most populous nation in the Caribbean. Like the Dominican Republic and Puerto Rico, the indigenous population was virtually eliminated in Cuba, and the primary type of racial mixture was between Africans and Europeans. Dominican Republic The Dominican Republic comprises the eastern two-thirds of what Spanish colonizers named the island of Hispaniola, and it has historically had a tense relationship with the western third of the island, Haiti. Culturally and linguistically, the Dominican Republic has much in common with Cuba and Puerto Rico. Puerto Rico The small island of Puerto Rico is a commonwealth of the U.S., although there has been a consistent debate throughout the past century about whether to continue with this status or to pursue statehood or independence. Since 1917, Puerto Ricans have been granted automatic U.S. citizenship, yet they dont have the right to vote in presidential elections. Sources Moya, Jose. The Oxford Handbook of Latin American History. New York: Oxford University Press, 2011.History of Latin America. Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/place/Latin-AmericaLatin American Countries. World Atlas. https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/which-countries-make-up-latin-america.html

Loyalty Fate And The Chance Of Survival - 1629 Words

Felicity Miller Professor Donavan Monster and Marvels 14, October 2014 Loyalty: Fate and the Chance of Survival in Zipe’s Fairytales, Beowulf, and Gilgamesh Many different themes and topics are brought up in Zipe’s fairytales, Beowulf and Gilgamesh. An important theme that occurs in many of these stories is loyalty. In each story the common goal of loyalty is to create a strong feeling of support and allegiance to a kingdom, person, property, agreement, or item of importance. These strong feelings of support and allegiance relate to the beliefs and customs of the times during which they were written, the Old Testament from the Bible, medieval Culture, German culture, Swedish Culture, Scandinavian customs etc. Many of the stories strongly associate loyalty to a higher power. If the main characters in stories such as Hansel and Gretel, Gilgamesh, and Beowulf are loyal in all that they do, divine fate is with them and they are successful throughout the story. Loyalty also produces a strong chance of survival: Those that are loyal survive, become heroes, and are revered and respected. Depending on the time and the place in which each story was written, the beliefs and customs of each culture has a significant impact of how loyalty is perceived and used in each story. Loyalty in the Old Testament and loyalty in many of these stories can be directly related, if the main characters are completely devoted to their quest (God) and they make the right choices, fate is with themShow MoreRelatedThe Inhumane Treatment Of The Holocaust1714 Words   |  7 Pagesthose who could not believe it. What was arguably one of the worst punishments the victims of the Holocaust faced, was how they were dehumanized within concentration camps. To dehumanize means to steal away the attributes that make one human, be it loyalty, faith, kindness, or even our love for one another and ourselves. 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The Math of Simple Debt Amortization

Incurring debt and making a series of payments to reduce this debt to nil is something you are very likely to do in your lifetime. Most people make purchases, such as a home or auto, that would only be feasible if we are given sufficient time to pay down the amount of the transaction. This is referred to as amortizing a debt, a term that takes its root from the French term amortir, which is the act of providing death to something. Amortizing a Debt The basic definitions required for someone to understand the concept are:1. Principal: The initial amount of the debt, usually the price of the item purchased.2. Interest Rate: The amount one will pay for the use of someone elses money. Usually expressed as a percentage so that this amount can be expressed for any period of time.3. Time: Essentially the amount of time that will be taken to pay down (eliminate) the debt. Usually expressed in years, but best understood as the number of an interval of payments, i.e., 36 monthly payments.Simple interest calculation follows the formula:​  I PRT, where I InterestP PrincipalR Interest RateT Time. Example of Amortizing a Debt John decides to buy a car. The dealer gives him a price and tells him he can pay on time as long as he makes 36 installments and agrees to pay six percent interest. (6%). The facts are: Agreed price 18,000 for the car, taxes included.3 years or 36 equal payments to pay out the debt.Interest rate of 6%.The first payment will occur 30 days after receiving the loan To simplify the problem, we know the following: 1. The monthly payment will include at least 1/36th of the principal so we can pay off the original debt.2. The monthly payment will also include an interest component that is equal to 1/36 of the total interest.3. Total interest is calculated by looking at a series of varying amounts at a fixed interest rate. Take a look at this chart reflecting our loan scenario. Payment Number Principle Outstanding Interest 0 18000.00 90.00 1 18090.00 90.45 2 17587.50 87.94 3 17085.00 85.43 4 16582.50 82.91 5 16080.00 80.40 6 15577.50 77.89 7 15075.00 75.38 8 14572.50 72.86 9 14070.00 70.35 10 13567.50 67.84 11 13065.00 65.33 12 12562.50 62.81 13 12060.00 60.30 14 11557.50 57.79 15 11055.00 55.28 16 10552.50 52.76 17 10050.00 50.25 18 9547.50 47.74 19 9045.00 45.23 20 8542.50 42.71 21 8040.00 40.20 22 7537.50 37.69 23 7035.00 35.18 24 6532.50 32.66 This table shows the calculation of interest for each month, reflecting the declining balance outstanding due to the principal pay down each month  (1/36 of the balance outstanding at the time of the first payment. In our example 18,090/36 502.50) By totaling the amount of interest and calculating the average, you can arrive at a simple estimation of the payment required to amortize this debt. Averaging will differ from exact because you are paying less than the actual calculated amount of interest for the early payments, which would change the amount of the outstanding balance and therefore the amount of interest calculated for the next period.Understanding the simple effect of interest on an amount in terms of a given time period and realizing that amortization is nothing more then a progressive summary of a series of simple monthly debt calculations should provide a person with a better understanding of loans and mortgages. The math is both simple and complex; calculating the periodic interest is simple but finding the exact periodic payment to amortize the debt is complex.

Analysis Of The Movie Somewhere That s Green - 985 Words

Where there is Love, There is a Home. Ever fantasize about your dream home? Better Homes and Gardens magazine has been the go-to magazine for homeowners, since it was first published in 1923 (Reuss). This magazine was in the song â€Å"Somewhere that’s Green, sang by the character Audrey, in the film Little Shop of Horrors (Adespotosify). During the song in the film, she is describing her picture perfect home, which she envisions to be featured in the magazine. This goes to show you, it wasn’t out of the ordinary for a female homeowner to reach for this magazine for inspiration regarding their home. When first purchasing a home, it is never picture perfect. There are typically projects that need to be done; even if it is simple decorative items, or a fresh coat of paint. 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BOARD OF DIRECTORS The Board consists of 6 members, of which 5 are external directors: Board Member-Occupation Audit and Finance committee Nominating Committee Compensation Committee William l V. CampbellChairman Intuit, Inc C Ccc Millard S. DexlerChairman and CEOJ. Crew C C Albert Gore, Jr.Former Vice President of the US C C Steve JobsCEO and Co-founderApple ComputerChairman and CEOPixar Arthur D. LevinsonChairman and CEOGenentech, Inc C Ccc Jerome B. YorkCEOHarwinton Capital CorporationRead MoreNetflix Analysis : Netflix Inc.3963 Words   |  16 Pagesovercome. One challenge they must overcome is the original content. â€Å"Unlike licensing third-party content, original content requires Netflix to produce much of the required cash up front, which has caused cash flow issues for the company. Netflix s free cash flow has been negative since 2012.†(4) This is showing that Netflix has been increasing investments, but at an extremely high rate. 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Two Different Prospects for the Future Ray Bradburys and...

Ray Bradburys Fahrenheit 451 showed us a world in which people found it acceptable, even preferable, to remain ignorant about the state of their world and face the darker aspects of their own humanity. Margaret Atwoods The Handmaids Tale envisioned a theocratic government named Gilead that induced women into the servitude of military commanders for the purpose of procreation. In both of these bleak contemplations of the future, people are discouraged from and harshly punished for expressing any sort of dissent. Perspectives that do not align with the status quo are discouraged, perhaps even feared, and consequently censored. These authors purpose was perhaps not to foretell a future, but to examine parts of society that necessitated†¦show more content†¦Fire Captain Beatty explains this to protagonist and dissenter-in-the-making Guy Montag as a result of offense caused by books; â€Å"Colored people dont like Little Black Sambo. Burn it. White people dont feel good about Un cle Toms Cabin. Burn it. Someones written a book on tobacco and cancer of the lungs? The cigarette people are weeping? Burn the book. Serenity, Montag. Peace, Montag. Take your fight outside. Better yet, into the incinerator† (Bradbury 57). Books often demonstrated a darker aspect of society. This subversive form of expression was received poorly by the general public, and the government was happy to put regulations in place to keep such challenging pieces of literature out of the peoples’ line of sight. A bid to make people comfortable led to the eradication of a broad spectrum of expression. Bradbury shows us the result of this repression of thought and expression with his citys peoples affection for their interactive â€Å"parlor† television systems over facing difficult emotions, as can be experienced through literature, since Faber tells us that â€Å"books are to remind us what asses and fools we are† (Bradbury 82). Montag tries to get his wife Mildreds friend Mrs. Phelps to face the harsh reality of feeling emotions by reading a depressing poem,

Cyber Bullying And The Internet - 1324 Words

As we enter the age of the Internet we have ushered in the newest, and arguably, most powerful form of bullying, called cyber bullying. Unfortunately, no one is exempt from cyber bullying. The Internet is a tool that gives anyone a voice, including bullies. It is a marvelous element that has become an operating tool in our daily lives. We learn from it, communicate with it, and are entertained by it. However, there are people who use it to mistreat others. We hear on the news, more often than we should, of young people committing suicide due to cyber bullying. While there are bullies of all ages, today’s youth is growing up in a technological age which makes the already tortuous period of adolescence even more painful. During adolescence we are naturally influenced by others, and constantly, obsessively comparing ourselves to everyone else. In cyberspace the bully has an accessible, almost effortless outlet that, if he so chooses, makes him anonymous. By concealing his identit y, unless someone is a cyber-hacking wizard, the victim of his bullying won’t know where it is coming from. This allows him to say whatever he wants, whenever he wants, at the click of a few buttons, and remain nameless. This gives him the audacity he may not have in a face-to-face situation, to say anything that invades his head to this person he intends to hurt, without having to witness his victim’s reaction. It is almost as easy as having a thought. He can type harmful comments almost as fast as theShow MoreRelatedThe Internet and Cyber-bullying Essay643 Words   |  3 PagesBullying is a major act that is increasing among our teens today, and it is something that we need to act about, as it not only damages the self-esteem of young teen, but in severe cases it may lead to suicide or severe depression, leading to drug use. Bullying is not only limited to the real world, but also the online, virtual world, in a form known as ‘Cyber Bullying’.Cyber bul lying is when a child or teen is threatened, harassed, humiliated orembarrassed by another person using the InternetRead MoreInternet Violence And Cyber Bullying3649 Words   |  15 PagesThe use of internet is prevalent showing its global consumption. Social media have been available even to the young population. They are effective means of communication, socialization, and in collecting and sharing information. However, internet is becoming unsafe and hostile. They do not just serve its real purpose; instead they become effective means for bullies to perform offences or harmful activities anonymously (Davison Stein, 2014). Internet-related abuses and cyber bullying has long beenRead MoreWhen the Internet Attacks! : Cyber Bullying and Blogging800 Words   |  4 PagesWhen the Internet Attacks! : Cyber Bullying and Blogging Engagement in internet attacks is a disturbing way in which individuals seek attention at the cost of another person’s self worth. With the use of bullying to make others feel small, snark to increase their own self importance, and distortions of the truth to make things more â€Å"interesting†, this is a large issue that effects many lives in different ways. The internet has become a large part of most daily lives in the United States, accordingRead MoreBullying and the Internet Technology is and will be constantly changing, because of this cyber1500 Words   |  6 PagesBullying and the Internet Technology is and will be constantly changing, because of this cyber bullying is becoming more of a problem. Some advances in technology like being able to have x-rays, MRI’s have had a positive affect, while others like the cell phone, and social media have not. In about the last 25 years bullying has evolved from being picked on at school to being harassed through things like text messaging, social media, and email. In the past, bullying could happen anywhere like onRead MoreCyber Bullying And Its Effect On Society883 Words   |  4 PagesCyber-bullying is the use of electronic communications to bully a person. Cyber-bullying takes place by using the Internet, cell phones, video game systems, and other technology. Cyber-bully sends or posts text or image that is intended to hurt feelings or embarrass another person in front of others. Bullying is an aggressive behavior which causes harm and stress to its victims and it escalates over time. Furthermore, everybody has mobile phones and they are using it all day long. There is certainlyRead More Cyber Bullying Essay1419 Words   |  6 Pagesare unaware of is bullying exists in many forms and is more common in the cyber world. In 2012, CBC news reporter Joan Leishman , aired â€Å"Cyber-bullying,† she describes a story about a student named David Knight’s unbearable life entering the Internet. Later in 2014, Rachel Simmons, a forme r Rhodes Scholar and the founding director of the Girls Leadership Institute, wrote an article titled â€Å"Cyberbullying Is a Growing Problem.† Simmons article addressed the impact of cyber bullying in the 21st centuryRead MoreCyber Bullying Is Harmful Than Traditional Bullying1512 Words   |  7 PagesCyber-bullying involves the use of technology to cause distress, harm, and torture to the victim. This involves sending abusive or intimidating messages, emails, and pictures through the use of several technological avenues. Traditional bullying involves physical aggression to a victim through using abusive verbal language and physical beating. Cyber- bullying seems to have surpassed traditional bullying because of the increased advance in the world of technology. Most bullies have turned to technologyRead MoreThe Prevention of Cyberbullying627 Words   |  3 Pagesthe Internet, bullying persists with new forms and faces. Bullies can hide behind anonymous user profiles onlin e, creating an environment in which young victims have no direct resources. Effective methods of controlling the problem of cyber bullying are necessary to prevent problems such as suicide. One student in Iowa committed suicide after bullies at his school posted that the student was gay on Facebook; as a result of this and related suicides, the state of Iowa is redefining what cyber bullyingRead MoreCyber Bullying. Today, This Is The Most Popular Topic Amongst1233 Words   |  5 PagesCyber Bullying Today, this is the most popular topic amongst the younger generation. The rise of technology has influenced our lives with the use of social networking sites and electronic devices predominant with today’s youth. What many adults are unaware of is bullying exists in many forms and is more common in the cyber world. In 2012, CBC news reporter Joan Leishman, aired â€Å"Cyber-bullying,† where she relates a story about a student named David Knight’s unbearable life entering the internet. LaterRead MoreCyber Bullying And Its Effects On Society1283 Words   |  6 Pagesis also now being used to cause harm to people. Cyber bullying differs from traditional physical bullying, because it occurs through emails, texts, or social media. The person behind the computer can remain anonymous because the internet allows individuals to make up false information. Negative effects, such as depression, suicide, and anxiety are some factors resulted in cyber bullying. There is a strong emotional impact caused by cyber bullying due to the lack of remorse demonstrated online.

Financial Cycle and Macroeconomics

Question: Discuss about the Financial Cycle and Macroeconomics. Answer: Introduction Singapore is a potent Asian superpower despite its small size. Its economy is open and is highly conducive for trade and attracting foreign investors. The macroeconomic indicators of the country are also stable which augers well for economic growth. The per-capita GDP is the third highest in the world at $85,127 (taking PPP into consideration) in 2015. In 2015, the real GDP of the nation was $ 470.55 billion. On June 30, 2015, the total labour force in the nation is estimated to be 3.63 million. The unemployment levels are also stable at around 2% while the inflation continues to be near zero. Nearly (3/4)th of the GDP comes from the service sector while the manufacturing sector contributed for the rest. The exports are significantly greater than the imports resulting in a positive balance of payments. Due to its stable policy regime and investor friendly policies, Singapore attracted a FDI of $ 900 billion in 2015 while the investment from Singapore to outside nations stood at $ 518 billion (Tan, 2015). The present report aims to review the production output performance, labour market performance and price performance during the period 2005-2014. The various indicators used in this quest would be explained and also the fluctuations in the same during the period along with government intervention would be interpreted and explained. Production Output Performance Trend Analysis The following graph summarizes Singapores real GDP during 2005-2014 (TradingEconomics, 2016). From the graph again, it can be observed that the country has attained the highest GDP level in the year 2014 amounting to USD 306.34 billion. Also, the country has shown a constant uptrend in terms of GDP which was adversely impacted in 2009 when the GDP remained flat. Further, the economy has witnessed a comeback from 2010 when the GDP growth returned and has been continuing ever since albeit at a lower rate. The following graph summarizes Singapores real GDP growth rate during 2005-2014 (TradingEconomics, 2016). From the graph, it can be observed that both the highest and lowest growth rate in GDP can be attributed to the global financial crisis. This is primarily because, the lowest quarterly growth rate i.e. 13.5% coincided with the peak of the crisis and the highest quarterly growth rate i.e. 37.2% was observed at the time of recovery in the year 2010. These fluctuations in the growth may be attributed to the fact that Singapore is an open economy whose fortunes are driven by trade and financial services. Thus, global swings tend to have a profound impact on performance of economy. The following graph summarizes Singapores per capita GDP during 2005-2014 (TradingEconomics, 2016). It is evident that there has been a continuous uptrend in the per capita GDP. However, at the onset of the crisis i.e. 2008 and 2009, there has been a decline in the per capita GDP. The highest level of USD 51,440.82 has been attained in 2014 while the lowest level of USD 40,020.26 has been witnessed in 2005. This clearly depicts that the growth in GDP for most of the period has surpassed the growth rate in population which augers well for the improvement of living standards of people. Production Output Performance Definition of Indicators The dollar value of the various goods and services that are produced within the country during a given time period is referred to as GDP. Real GDP unlike nominal GDP aims to determine GDP at the base price and not at the current market price. As a result, the real GDP captures a true representation of economic growth that is unperturbed by inflation. The percentage change in the real GDP on a periodic basis is referred to as real GDP growth rate. This is highly useful in acting as a reliable measure of national economic growth. Further, the GDP per capital is derived by taking GDP and dividing the same by the national population at a given point of time and is reflective of the living standards (Mankiw, 2012). Production Output Performance Explanation From the above, it is clear that Singapore has witnessed a stable GDP growth barring the turmoil causes due to the onset of the global financial crisis. Besides, the rising levels of real GDP growth are a healthy sigh for the economy particularly in the post financial crisis era. Besides, the GDP growth rate exceeds the population growth rate which is leading to a rise in the per capita GDP and hence increasing living standards of residents (Mankiw, 2012). This trend in the long term paves way for a stable economy and prosperous nation Production Output Performance Measures taken by government The stellar performance during the last decade and the recovery from the global financial crisis can be attributed to the host of steps undertaken by the Singapore government. The ease of doing business in Singapore is one of the highest not only in Asia but also the world and hence the nation has continuously attracted significant FDI despite its small size. Using fiscal policy as an enabler, the government has provided encouragement and requisite support to the use of advanced technology. Also, the productivity of people is on the increase through government skill building programs and relentless focus on access to quality and affordable education and health services. Low corruption coupled with planned city and land development has enabled the launch of Singapore as a global financial hub and thereby contributes to its sustained exemplary performance (Waring Lewer, 2013). Labor Market Analysis Trend Analysis The following graph summarizes Singapores unemployment rate during 2005-2014 (TradingEconomics, 2016). The graph above indicates that the highest unemployment rate was witnessed in the third quarter of 2009 along with third quarter of 2005 and was estimated at 3.4%. The lowest level in unemployment was witnessed just before financial crisis started in 2008. Hence, the third and fourth quarter in 2007 had lowest levels of unemployment. In the recent times, the unemployment levels have stabilized around 2% which augers well for the economy. Unemployment Definition Unemployment refers to circumstance when individual belonging to labour force is without work. Based on the underlying reasons that dictate the unemployment, there are three types i.e. cyclical, structural and frictional. Cyclical unemployment occurs due to fluctuations of the business cycle which in turn impacts the demand for labour (Weale Christodoulakis, 2015). Structural unemployment occurs due to alterations in the underlying technology and structure of industry which fundamentally alters the skillsets required and hence the labour with these skillsets is not available, there is shortage of labour and simultaneously there is unemployment since the desired skill are lacking amongst the labour force (Goodwin et al., 2013). The time required for an employee to shift from one job to another leads to frictional unemployment (Mankiw, 2012). Types of Unemployment - Singapore All the above mentioned unemployment types occur in Singapore as explained below. Cyclical unemployment continues to exist as labour in Singapore primarily comes from outside the country and especially neighbouring Asian countries. Thus, fluctuations in the business cycle tend to alter the aggregate demand which has a profound impact on the labour demand and hence causes cyclical unemployment in times of recession (Tan, 2015). Structural unemployment exists as the nation continues to place emphasis on high technology and capital intensive practices in various sectors. As a result, the labour force needs to be highly agile and adapt to these new technologies used in various processes. Since skill up-gradation is a gradual process, hence there is some structural employment that exists (Pigou, 2013). As there are members of the work force who are looking for better jobs, thus they leave their jobs and thus are temporarily unemployed which gives rise to frictional unemployment (McTaggart, 2012). Unemployment Measures taken by the government In a bid to stabilize unemployment at an optimum level, a number of steps have been taken by the government. He government uses fiscal policy in a prudent manner which enhances the overall productivity and provides incentive to various businesses to set up shop in Singapore which ensures that cyclical employment is low (Borio, 2014). Further, in the form of innovative programs like Workfare Income Supplement (WIS), the government supports the unemployed so that they can successfully invest in skill building.(Wagner, 2014). Also, there are dedicated programs for enhancing skills such as SPUR (Skill Program for Upgrading and Resilience) where individual can both learn new skills and simultaneously get paid. These measures are highly helpful in minimizing the incidence of structural unemployment (Cho Newhouse, 2013). Price Level Analysis Trend Analysis The following graph summarizes Singapores inflation rate movements during 2005-2014 (TradingEconomics, 2016). It can be observed that then during the given period, a high inflation of 7% was clocked before the onset of the global financial crisis in 2008. In the aftermath of this crisis, there was deflation which reached a maximum level of -1% in 2010. The inflation rate has not been stable and is following patterns of rise and fall. The first inflation peak is visible just before the crisis while trough is visible at the height of the crisis in 2010. Again, owing to recovery in growth, inflation peaked in 2012 after which it has dropped to almost zero in 2014. Inflation Definition Inflation is referred to the general price rise and is detrimental if high as it erodes moneys purchasing power (Simpson, 2014). Inflation is the result of the interactions between the demand and supply forces. The two major reasons are inflation are the rise in demand and the shortage in supply or rise in the input costs. The inflation caused due to the demand exceeding the supply is referred to as demand pull inflation (Ghosh, 2013). However, the inflation which is caused due to rise in input costs which are then passed on to the consumers is referred to as cost inflation (Gandolfo, 2013). Types of Inflation and Causes - SingaporeBoth the demand and cost inflation exist in Singapore. The demand pull inflation is caused due to increase in population and their disposable income which leads to a higher demand for certain products and services. In the short run, since the supply cannot adjust to these, hence the price rises. Also, there are supply shocks especially in imported items which causes a decrease in the supply and simultaneously leads to cost inflation as these becomes expensive in the international market and the consumers in Singapore have to bear the brunt (Ghosh Yu, 2013). Inflation Measures taken by the government In order to reduce the dependence of nation on imports, the monetary authority of Singapore regulates the currency exchange rate. Besides, due to high amount of foreign funds inflow and outflow, interventions by the monetary authority becomes imperative so that these excess funds brought into the country do not fuel inflation (Bhaskaran, 2014). Besides, the government also uses various fiscal measures which include providing subsidies and tax rebates to those imported items which are integral to the life of the people particularly basic food products. This helps keeping inflation in check. Further, self reliance thorough long term negotiated contracts is also being worked out by the government to combat inflation (Das, 2014). Conclusion It can be derived on the back of the arguments that the macroeconomic indicators of Singapore during 2005-2014 have remained stable despite being briefly disrupted by the global financial crisis. This is commendable for an open economy which operates in a dynamic global environment where global shocks are so common. Despite that Singapore has been able to maintain a robust GDP growth while keeping unemployment and inflation in check. Also, a stable regime has been provided to the investors due to the stability in the above parameters. A huge credit for this environment goes to the government which has taken timely measures to ensure that the macroeconomic health of Singapore is not compromised. Reference Borio, C. (2014). The financial cycle and macroeconomics: What have we learnt?, Journal of Banking Finance, 45, 182-198. Bhaskaran, M., (2014). Challenges Facing the Singapore Economy, Southeast Asian Affairs,2014(1), pp.290-302. Cho, Y., Newhouse, D. (2013). How did the great recession affect different types of workers? Evidence from 17 middle-income countries,World Development,41, 31-50. Gandolfo, G., (2013). International Economics II: International Monetary Theory and Open-Economy Macroeconomics, Springer Science Business Media. Ghosh, A. and Yu, J., (2013).Singapore Inflation Expectations: Expecting the Unexpected, Sim Kee Boon Institute for Financial Economics, Lee Kong Chian School of Business, Singapore Management University. Goodwin, N., Nelson, J., Harris, J., Torras, M. and Roach, B., (2013). Macroeconomics in context, New York : ME Sharpe. Mankiw, N. (2012).Macroeconomics, New York: Worth Publishers McTaggart, D., Findlay, C., Parkin, M. (2012).Macroeconomics, French Forest, N.S.W.: Pearson Pigou, A. C. (2013).Theory of unemployment, New York: Routledge Simpson, B. (2014).Money, Banking, and the Business Cycle, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. Tan, K. P. (2015). Singapore in 2015.Asian Survey,55(1), 157-164. Trading Economics (2016), 300,000 Indicators from 196 countries, Retrieved 7 August 2016, from https://www.tradingeconomics.com/ Waring, P., Lewer, J. (2013). The global financial crisis, employment relations and the labour market in Singapore and Australia, Asia Pacific Business Review,19(2), 217-229. Weale, M., Blake, A., Christodoulakis, N. (2015).Macroeconomic Policy, Florence: Taylor and Francis.

Different Leadership Skills-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss What makes a good leader? Answer: Introduction Everybody has a different opinion on the word leadership because some individuals might consider an individual as their leader who has the capability of driving away the problem is, issues difficulties and a few individuals might consider anybody as a leader who is having a charisma or who is capable of showing them the dreams of a great future (Kantharia, 2012). Similarly many people consider a person to be a leader if he is capable of making them grow by creating wise strategies for them etc. Therefore there are different ideas of a leader but there is one thing which is same in all the perspective i.e. people consider anybody to be a leader if that person appears to them as best of the best individuals (Tight, 2010). Nobody would consider an individual to be the leader who doesn't possess any knowledge of demands and desires of his team are who is not capable of bearing hardships etc. (Charteris-Black, 2007). What makes a good leader? As per my opinion, a good leader has to be one who is able to communicate and collaborate, along with inspiring individuals for working to attain the desired objectives (Wheatley, 2009). Leaders have to work closely with other people, listen to their concerns and collaborate with them so that there is a resolution and desirable outcome achieved. Therefore a leader has to be easily accessible so that anybody can reach out to him for solutions, whenever there is any kind of problem (Sadler, 2013).Leading a set of individuals needs a shared sense of trust and understanding among the leader and the team members. Being an initial step on the way to that target, leaders must be trained to connect (Price, 2004). The leader has to process one more quality which is the abilityof identifyingthe appropriate talent in the team, grooming the capabilities and skills and building successful teams. One of the examples of such capabilities is when a company is goingthrough anychange or a merger and there is a task of integrating the team (Charteris-Black, 2007).These teammembers usually have different work experiences and technical backgrounds and they might be sitting across different time zones. So in this casethe leader has to identify the strengths of every new member and assess how his capabilities, skills and qualities can match up with the team. The leader has to carry out different discussions and identify their skill sets and interests (Bhatti et al., 2012).There has to be some strategymade orassignment of work has to be done in such a manner that people are able to pick up the new skills with their work and there can be cross-training within the teams. This way integration of team can be han dled rightly by their leader and the major role of the leader is to motivate the team members and keep them informed along with the provision of support (Deschamps, 2005). The biggest drawback in the leaderis whenhe is being deceitful all makes false promises and skews the facts and information. This way a leader can lose the trust of people (Board Leadership, 2011). A good leader must be capable of communicating factually and setting the practical goals so that his team is inspired. There has been a continuous debate which can be observed in different literature and professional practices, or if the leaders are created or are born (Burns, 2012). This debate is focused on the basis that these traits which form a leader to be successful can't be taught. These skills mightinvolve motivation, great looking ethics and ambition (Johnson, Smith and Strutt, 2006). There is a perception in different literature that these skills are inherited in people who come up as leaders in the places of work. However thetraits or skills related to ambition, working ethics and motivation are not easily measured by themselves (Topalian, 2012). One example of a leader might be of Adolf Hitler who utilised basic leadership practices of transformation and followership. He could be considered as a great leader by his success of rebuilding Germany post World War I (Fitch, 2015). However after the consideration given to his total work, many of the individuals consider him to be a mark off in sult to the profession of leadership. He can be considered as a dictator but not a leader. This comes with the fact that leaders have to be ethical and moral actors. A good leader is one who is ready to serve others, selfless, humble, vice, form and processes different great qualities. There are various characteristics and skills of a great leader but a single person can't possess them all.Leadership is a trait that requires strong mind with the capability to make firm decisions (Decker, 2009). It can also be said that anybody who is capable of satisfying the basic psychological desires of his followers can also be termed as a successful leader. Leadership is the trait which can't be taken from any other person rather it can be attained through self determination of an individual. It can be best described as the personality of the extremely highest capability in terms of thinking, ruling, innovating, influencing, motivating, imagining etc. (Business analysis training helps leaders achieve an enterprise-wide perspective, 2010). The leaders can be categorised as per their work practices. For instance people linked with politics are considered to be political leaders and the leaders who are part of Armed Forces are considered to be leaders of their respective areas. Leadership is significant quality which is needed by political leaders and also by the Armed Forces because they are the ones who keep the country secured and therefore they should be capable of utilising their power and must be attentive all the time (Jillett, 2000). Another quality which is highly important for the leader is alertness and intelligence. The leader has to be alert all the time so that any fraudulent activity or wrongdoing doesn't impact him. By use of alertness and intelligence, leaders can control any difficult situation easily (Verstraeten, 2008). The leaders have to be impartial, positive and action oriented. In case of any partial for any follower, the leader loses trust and confidence of others. It is the duty of a leader to motivate and increase the standards of every follower and not only some of them. A leader has to be an optimistic person with positive attitude and he must not have negative thinking or any plans which reflect negativity. One person who shows negative behaviour can never become a leader. The leader has to be very courageous and he must show his spirits for facing the issues and resolving those rather than putting blames on others or embarrassing others (Rettberg, 2016). For being successful and attain heights, one must avoid being coward, resentment and must become bold, action-oriented and idealistic (Hakimi, Van Knippenberg and Giessner, 2010).A good leader possesses all these attributes. Rather than turning out to be a boss for the followers on the group members, a great leader is always ready to ass ist them by his experiences and help them in changing their minds and motives towards positivism. There are different traits that define a great leadership. The leader has a skill to influence, motivate individuals so that they carry out tasks in such a manner that there able to attain a common goal. Effective leaders have to perform in a ceaseless manner and communicate with individuals for motivating them efficiently. The trait theories put stress on different attributes and dates of the leaders which bring efficiency. However the trait theories were not able to set up the traits which are mutual to each leader. Every leader has different characteristics and as per this theory there are specific characteristics which might be helpful for leaders to be more effective, like charisma, knowledge, trust, confidence etc. depending totally on these traits might not always be useful for motivating the team members in retaining the stated objectives. The other set of leadership theories are behavioral theories which are useful in identifying particular behaviors of leaders that can be helpful in being successful. The leaders might show people-oriented or task-oriented attitude and might take decisions on different styles like authoritarian, laissez faire or, democratic styles. But these theories also ignore the situation aspects and environmental aspects therefore contingency theories are preferred. Contingency theories showed that the fitness of leadership is linked with interplaying of different attitudes, traits, behaviors and environmental factors. Therefore these are the best theories which can be applied to different situations. As per the situation model it is suggested that leadership style must be as per the maturity level of the team members. Therefore the later is free to choose any of the styles from telling, selling, participation, delegating. This different style is very because when the leader has to deal with new entrants in the business then they prefer to apply the telling style and informed them rightly what has to be done and how it is to be done. The leader would also need to apply the delegating approach when he interacts with the team members. Path-Goal model shows that a leader can influence the performance and motivation of the group by providing with the rewards for attaining the performance objectives and making clear path with the removal of any hindrances. Similarly when the leader practices his leadership with knowledge workers then transformational leadership style is the best approach where in the followers and leaders can take one another to the next level of motivating and attacks The leader I could be By carrying out different online tests for revealing the effectiveness as leader, I could assist that there are different rates which leaders need. There are two major areas of personal development which can help in making a great leader which are positive attitude and self-confidence. X in case one is optimistic and has purchase an attitude then he is capable of making the best from all situations and he can easily motivate others to perform at their best. Similarly a self-confident leader is one who can inspire others. I can be self-confident by mastering Key skills and situations and my understanding that one can bring more value by working. One of the best approaches for improving the confidence is to be aware of everything that one has already attained.] Similarly a positive frame of mind is also linked with great leadership. It is important that there is a strong sense of balance Developed and recognised which helps in recognising the issues and hindrances and helps in dealing with the issues in a positive way. The people who are positive in nature have a realistic approach towards different situations and they are ready to bring changes for overcoming issues. I can be a great leader by using stress management techniques, relaxation and exercising therapies which are useful for getting rid of negative feelings. Also, it is the utilisation of the emotional intelligence that is "soft skills", "character" and "communication skills". By emotional intelligence the better understanding of a particular type of human talent is provided and it is the capacity of recognising the feelings of the individual and of other people. It assists in managing the emotions for creating strong relations. I also undertook the VARK test which provided with an insight into the predisposition for a specific learning style. There are different learning styles which dominate an individual and there are different styles which are tertiary, secondary or least preferred ones. Since the learning styles change with time, therefore this test can be undertaken on a regular basis because it shows a personal self-assessment of liked learning mortality. Looking at this kind of test and I could see that most of the team members prefer visual learning and others preferred Kinaesthetic learning thus the leadership approach has to be changed as per the situation. For becoming a great later I have to keep in mind that my actions always set the tone for whatever it issuitableattribute at the place of work. I have to always show directions which I prefer my team to replicate. I was so set of rules for behaviourand expectationsfor the way in which the team members must behave at the workplace. There are various actions which are not tolerated at the workplace. In myopinionthe best approach of encouraging this particular set of actions is to rightly show these behaviours Meissen Being humble is also one of thekeywhere the credit of successful projects is shared with theteam members. In case of any mistake, I usually admit to the same and in case there is a need for apologising then the same can be done. By such admittance of mistakes, and the workers generally feel safe when they have to admit their faults ratherthenusing any "blame game court. By the acceptance that individuals can be at fault, there can be a great atmosphere created at the workplace. For practising effective communication I can let my teamtoknow that they are open to discuss the workplace problems with me and forthisI need to be approachable. It is important that team members are given attention and I keep an open mind while listening to them. It is necessary that the conversation is kept confidential therefore trust can be built in this manner. It is also important that the staff members are aware of the expectations of the leader and the misunderstandings are quickly addressed. To decrease the misunderstandings it is important that there is effective communication and whatever has been discussed is email to the team member, if needed. Confidentleader is one who knows that there is always additional to be learnt and who seeks advice from anybody who is more experienced. It is important that the leader takes feedback from the team members, mentor and peer group. Looking at the different leadership stories, I could be a situational leadership because I feel that it is important to act as per the situations and one approach or style is not suitable to all circumstances. Each leader hasparticularstyle of dealing with individuals. Therefore it is important that I take help of my mentor is in identifying the strengths and weaknesses and get feedback from the team membersashow they live my management style. Since a single style cannot be applied to differentsituations thereforeI can take a lookondifferent leaders of the past and the causes of their success or failure. It is important that the leadership style doesn't need to be same as any previous leader of the business rather it should be the real one. Autocratic style is something that I would not like to be because I don't want to be control freak and being disliked by the subordinates. The autocratic leadership style can be highly useful in case of crisis especially in the need of fast decisions. It is also useful in case of routine processes and jobs that require unskilled workers (Blank, 2011). This leadership style is not my preferred style because it suppresses the creativity and permits the leader in excessive control and abusive of the power. I would rather prefer the bureaucratic style where I would follow the principles and useful for dealing with highly technical workers. This find leadership would be useful in preventing any kind of conflict in ideas with the team members since only the documented principles and rules have to be followed. However this style should not be uploaded every time because the creativity and innovation might get suppressed (Axelrod and Coyle, 2011). Laissez Faire style is better than the previous two sides because in this I would be able to love my subordinates to work on their own and there can be some recommendations provided with the information regarding the deadlines to be achieved. This kind of leadership would be effective when the workers are highly capable and great experience in data. This way the workers and teammates would be capable of doing the task on their own. In case the workers and on skilled and experienced then this styles would not be suitable. The most suitable style is the democratic approach which permits the perfect balance of authority of the later and involvement of team members. This is a collaborative style where in the leaders and teammates work together towards accomplishment of the predefined goals. It is the responsibility of a leader to make sure that the team members stay motivated and the business goals are achieved. For this it is important to Study the place of her and assess which kind of leadership style is most appropriate so that everybody works at the optimal level (Axelrod and Coyle, 2011). There's further to leadership than possessing a high-ranking designation and being in charge of a team. The managers might be authorized to tell individuals what to do, however if a manager is an ineffective leader, he won't be capable of guiding and motivating his team to achieve business objectives (Ingham and Feldman, 2009). The most excellent leaders correspond frequently and are clear in delivery of thoughts. The most excellent leaders also adapt communications to best suit the circumstances and the receiver. This means they take the time to understand which communication style is favoured by every team member (e.g. are they a manuscript individual, email, telephone, or personal communicator?) Moreover theyre good listeners and genuinely pay attention to other individuals (Singh, 2015). Conclusion Ultimately, a superior leader has to be devoted to his group members and practices. This consecutively, will lead to a feeling of assurance amongst the followers. Having trust in self capabilities and the people around him/her, the leader gets inspired and motivates other people in the process too. With a high level of understanding one might embark on a personal development plan for moving toward the objective of being an exceptional leader by building up some of the average strengths to the uppermost levels (Osborne, 2010.). It is important for the leaders to initiate to form a personal development plan with the clear goal of becoming a superior leader. But without any plan, one is dependent on fortune and situation to make oneself more efficient. References Axelrod, W. and Coyle, J. (2011). Make talent your business.Leader to Leader, 2011(62), pp.11-16. Bhatti, N., Maitlo, G., Shaikh, N., Hashmi, M. and Shaikh, F. (2012). 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