Zebra Muscles in the Hudson River Essay Example

Zebra Muscles in the Hudson River Essay Zebra Mussels in the Hudson River There is a large population of zebra mussels in the Hudson River. The zebra mussel migrated from Europe on the bottom of boats. This organisms population has greatly increased in the last few years and is causing many problems for the environment. The zebra mussel has a very negative effect on the environment surrounding the Hudson River because they are depleting the food supply of the fish, causing changes in the water, and taking up a lot of room. The Zebra Mussel is rapidly decreasing the food supply for fish in the river. There are many microorganisms in the river whos numbers have been affected by the ntroduction of the Zebra Mussel. For instance, the number of phytoplankton has been decreased by eighty two percent since the mussels were introduced in 1992 (river ecology pg. 8). With the decrease of these organisms, the fish species are suffering from a shortage of food. This is causing them to die off, decreasing the numbers of species that habitat the river. If the river loses all of its fish, it will cause a huge change in the environment surrounding it. With the phytoplankton at the lower end of the food chain, the small fish feed on them; the large fish feed on the small ish, and the larger animals in and around the river feed on the large fish. With the decrease of all of these food supplies, there will be a decrease of all of the species in the area. Not only is the decreased food supply an issue, but the zebra mussels are causing changes in the water of the Hudson River. We will write a custom essay sample on Zebra Muscles in the Hudson River specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Zebra Muscles in the Hudson River specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Zebra Muscles in the Hudson River specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer For example, there are three main Abiotic factors, water temperature, dissolved oxygen, and suspended solids. Dissolved oxygen is a very important factor in the survival of organisms in the river. Studies show that Both producers and consumers (like zebra mussels) take up oxygen during respiration causing oxygen levels to drop. Zebra mussels also reduce oxygen levels by eating producers (like phytoplankton) that release 02 during photosynthesis (river ecology pg. 5). This effect that the zebra mussels have is a very negative effect. The reduced oxygen levels will make it so animals can no longer live in the river. This causes the area to lose a major food supply to the larger animals surrounding it. This will have a huge impact on the environment and the food chain. Along with the decreased food supply, and the changes to the water, zebra mussels also take up a lot of room in the river. Since they have been introduced, there have een a decreased number of other organisms for many reasons, with one being that there Just isnt enough room for all of the different species. Scientists say that if you had a huge balance and put zebra mussels on one side, they would outweigh all the other consumers in the ecosystem combined. (River ecology pg. 6). With the zebra mussels taking up over half of the population of the river, there isnt much room left for other organisms. The lack of diversity in the river is a huge problem to the food chain, because once a species no longer exists, it is hard for larger animals to find a ew supply of food. This again will cause a decrease in surrounding animals, and could even cause some animals to become extinct. In conclusion, the zebra mussel has a very negative effect on the environment surrounding the Hudson River because taking up a lot of room. If the number of zebra mussels isnt decreased, the Hudson River could be facing a huge problem. It is slowly losing its specie variety, the 02 levels are decreasing, and the river is being filled with more and more of this organism. If this isnt controlled, this area could have a large problem on their hands in the near future.

Primary Health Care free essay sample

Primary health care is essential health care based on practical, scientifically sound and socially acceptable methods and technology made universally accessible to individuals and families in the community through their full participation and at a cost that the community and the country can afford. It forms an integral part of the country’s health system of which it is the nucleus, and of the overall social and economic development of the country. It is the first level of contact of individuals, the family and the community with the national health system bringing health care as close as possible to where people live and work and constitutes the first element of a continuing health care process (World Health Organisation 1978: 3-4, 34). This is a lengthy and complex definition, but we will break it down into shorter pieces and discuss each of them.

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buy custom Ross Messinger's Research essay Structures increases effectiveness of virtual leaders. Similarly satisfaction and efficiency of virtual leaders also term to increase. However, such leaders are insignificant. One can not aspect one particular impact upon other. The main findings of the study were that virtual team can be made more successful then traditional teams by giving more attention to hierarchy and division of labor instead of work process. The biggest demerit of virtual team is that it restricts the information exchange only a limited quantity of information is used. There are many chances of the development of stereotypes and hierarchy in traditional teams. The limited information present with the virtual teams causes the division of labor and hierarchy the accepted characteristics that lead to the success of the task fulfillment. (Daphna, Niv and Dalia, 2005) Ross in his study found that leadership competencies that lead to quite effective global innovation teams in large multinational corporations. The concept of leadership has been complicated due to the attempt to encourage highly skilled, creative, multi-cultural and widely dispersed team members.(purpose of the study is reflected here) The global innovation team leader is therefore, expected to possess certain competencies that are unique in nature and have never been underscored before. . About thirty six expertises were involved in the study. Delphi two round methodology and an internet-based data collection tool was use to analyze these leaders. (Ross Haynes Messinger, 2008) This study consisted of sixteen Asian, European and North American nationals. The outcomes of the study were derived on the basis of about twenty significant cultural, technical and social competencies. It was found that the cultural competencies were more significant than technical and social competencies. Participative style of leadership is important for the global innovation team leader. A participative leader possesses an entrepreneurial spirit and keeps an authenticity for others and also is self- managed. The global innovation team leader surpasses the cultural competencies. Ross developed a model that assists in the development of leadership in the corporate sector. (Ross Haynes Messinger, 2008) Ross presented a GIT leadership paradigm to initiate cultural, technical and social categories. The findings of the study showed that GIT leader resembles the generic manager in terms of teamwork and cooperation, several differences were found. Achievement orientation and impact and influence are the significant competencies for the generic manager and technical professional but are of only moderate importance for GIT leader. (Ross Haynes Messinger, 2008) A research was conducted to find out which causes the accomplishments virtual teams. A Norwegian tele-company sent four hundred emails for data collection. This study showed a prolix leadership approach. This tudy also identified the prolix devices that leader of agenda adopts to maintain trust and in-group solidarity. From the results of the study it was found that virtual leaders portray an egalitarian leader role, building personal and emotional ties and downplays her authority. (Karianne Skovolt, 2009) Virtual team is a group of people who collaborate across space, time and organizational boundaries and use electronic media as primary communication tool. The possibilities and challenges arise in the process of taking forward that are not present in all situations. These teams work in unison and are very close to each other despite having temporal, spatial and cultural differences. It is assumed that future organizations will require such leaders that will be capable to handle uncertainty and competition among a different working people. This will help leaders attain the viability and profitability of their organizations. This categorization also depends upon the principle of proximity to explicit whether employees are geographically close to each other or are scattered. (Karianne Skovolt, 2009) It was tried to find out how leadership carried out linguistically through email interaction. The communication style of the agenda leader was informal, personal and emotional with her team members. This showed that the author used prolix skills to communicate with the in-group and out-group members. Mostly she adopted an informal communication style and avoided categorizing leadership styles while communicating with in-group team members. Besides, in written messages a leader must adopt a formal style of communication. These entire activities of the leaders are based upon trust. In case of virtual teams the leaders have to take care of all the functions in an interrogative manner. The conditions are more challenging in virtual teams because here people do not have a face-to-face contact. (Karianne Skovolt, 2009) On of the component of virtual leaders and computer mediated networks is that boundaries are permeable, interactions are with divers others, connections switch between multiple networks, and hierarchies can be flatter and recursive. The community exists more in the informal networks than predefined work-groups. Rather than fitting into the same group as around them, each person has his own personal community. (Karianne Skovolt, 2009) Today, virtual teams are essential and indispensable constituent of several organizations. As the members of virtual team are not congregated at on particular place but are instead distributed and scattered at different places therefore such teams are dependent upon electronic devices to communicate and to complete their work. This distance among team member are challenging and have created a new field of leadership. It has become problematic for the leader to deliver appropriate structures due to cultural, geographic and time constraints. (Surinder, Jerry, Suling, Bruce, 2000) These variables also make restrict the leaders from evaluating the performance of their followers. Similarly the leaders have beeen limited from inspiring and developing their followers, and from making their followers capable of being identified with the organization. It is highly beneficial for the workers of the virtual leaders to understand its importance and the importance of technology to control and maintain the leader-follower interactions. (Surinder, Jerry, Suling, Bruce, 2000) Today, virtual leaders have emerged as a significant work structure. In fact, virtual teams are usually group of people arranged together to perform certain activities despite being physically apart. Only few researches conduct in field to about the virtual leadership show that effectiveness of virtual leaders can only be maintained by adopting an attempt to mentor the characteristics of both transformational and instrumental leadership. However, one but be little warned the outcomes of the field study of virtual leadership is not quite statistically valid because mostly the teams are students are used to collect data rather than organizational teams. (Surinder, Jerry, Suling, Bruce, 2000) Most of the work done on virtual leadership is done by using students virtual teams for data collection. The members of the virtual teams usually belong to divergent organizations and cultures. Admittedly, the virtual teams depend upon the electronic communication and informational technologies to fulfill their work. They provide a large number of advantages for the organizations. (Surinder, Jerry, Suling, Bruce, 2000) The work that cans me done in future upon the virtual leadership and virtual teams is focused upon the examining the effects of specific leadership behaviors. This behavior must be of the type to mould a unique and different style of leadership. It will provide a help to develop quit limited, in focus and important assistance to take forth virtual teams. The combination of transactional and transformational leaders should be done to maintain such behaviors. Individual and collective leadership should be examined in the virtual teams. It should be noticed the methods of examining the tasks, operating conditions, technology features, any interact with leadership pin virtual teams to influence group process and outcomes. (Surinder, Jerry, Suling, Bruce, 2000) The conclusion of the study suggests that competition, off shoring of work and the growth of internet and similar globally linking technologies are contributing to an increase in the use of virtual teams. The virtual teams are expected to become more noticeable in the coming world. However, today, more attention is given to the idea of developing strong virtual leader and enhancing their virtual leadership skills. Research done till now suggests that the leadership style of traditional leaders is different from those of virtual leaders. (Surinder, Jerry, Suling, Bruce, 2000) The context of the operation of the leaders also maintains certain leadership activities and opportunities are available in the market to avail. Virtual leaders possess certain behaviors which are more significant than others. It is leading a new leadership behaviors to change their effects. (Surinder, Jerry, Suling, Bruce, 2000) Buy custom Ross Messinger's Research essay

VOICE OF DEMOCRACY essays

VOICE OF DEMOCRACY essays Americas role for the next century will be to stay economically stable. That will be no problem unless something disastrous will happen like another Stock Market crash or Nuclear Holocaust. America in the future also needs to increase peace to every nation in the world. America needs to get rid of all poverty and increase education. To stay economically stable, America needs to keep trade relations and keep wars out of our future. We need to keep the national dept. low and keep all Americans income as high as possible. Another way to be economically stable is to keep American businesses on top of the national competition, mainly in electronics considering it is the electronic age now as well as the future. If we can keep the businesses on top of every international competition then we will keep our economy going. If the Stock Market crashes then we will have to tighten the buckle and get back on track. If there is a Nuclear War then we will have to recover and go on with the way things were. The next century for America holds many nbew opportunitys for peace. America has always played a role as peace makers and always looking for what is right. To increase our space explorations we need to make a joint effor with other countries to make a super space station and hig tech explorations. If we do not increase our peace offerings to placees like Russia and Japan then we will nerver e as high tech as we could be. America has always been known for its low poverty levels, but we still have homeless and uneducated citizens who need help. In the America of the 30th Century we need to help every citizen to make it in the world. Wheather it is to make an education cheaper or more homes for the poor. If we can help every individual then it will help america as a In conclusion, I think America needs to play a more peaceful and loving ...

Historical Background of Contemporary Labor Law Individual Assignment Research Paper

Historical Background of Contemporary Labor Law Individual Assignment - Research Paper Example The board’s decision to punish the employer under section 8(a) (1) was not approved by the court of appeal when the employer did appeal. This decision was taken to the Supreme Court, which granted certiorari and set a stage for oral argument together with Garment Workers v. Quality Mfg. Co., 420 U. S. 276. The case was ruled in favor of the board in 1975 the judge based his ruling on the fact that section 7 has a provision for statutory right of any employee to reject submitting to his or her employer in the absence of representation from the union if he reasonably has fears that this interview will lead to him or her being punished. This case was held in essence of there being a permissible construction of some form of concerted activities, which needed mutual protection that the employee was denied. An employee pursuing representation from the union has the responsibility of representing the entire labor union. The Supreme Court believed some of the cases ruled in the past h ad flaws when compared to cases arising in the current context. The Weingarten right has been extended to those employees without labor union considering that there is need to be represented by a third party who has no stake in the issue at hand for both parties as seen in Epilepsy Foundation of Northeast Ohio, 331 NLRB No. 92, 676 (2000). One of the most serious issues that the labor law seeks to guard against is the employment of minors within any form of work structure. Use of child labor in production of goods was prohibited to such an extent that even transportation and sale of such goods was to be made illegal. This was expressed under the Act of September 1, 1916, c. 432, 39 Stat. 675. This Act was however seen as being unconstitutional since it was deemed to overshadow the commerce power that Congress enjoys and interfering with such powers that is a reserve for the state. This could be well illustrated in Hammer v. Dagenhart, 247 U.S. 251 (1918) case. A certain bill had bee n filed by a father on his behalf and also as a representative of his two sons who were minors who were employee at the Cotton Mill at Charlotte in North Carolina in view of enjoining the use of Act of Congress with the intention of averting the interstate exchange of goods from child labor. It was held by the district court that the Act was quite unconstitutional and thus entered a decree that enjoined the enforcement. This ruling was based on the fact that this was not in any way meant to regulate the foreign commerce and interstate business practices; that this Act contravened the constitution through the Tenth Amendment; and that it actually does conflict with the Fifth Amendment (Justia). As seen in the case of Gibbons v. Ogden, 9 Wheat. 1, the judge ruled on the issue of commerce powers as opposed to prohibition. The powers of commerce were limited to prescribing the rule to govern commerce but not forbidding commerce from interstate transportation of commodities. This was how ever contrary to adjudged cases in the same court which had held that the regulation powers which were given to Congress did include prohibition authority when it comes to movement of such goods. The interstate transportation was only necessary in meeting harmful results which could only be achieved through forbidding use of those facilities which were used in production of such products considered as harmful. The

Report Proposal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Report Proposal - Essay Example Employee engagement is a necessary tool for creating innovative, motivated, committed and high productive workers in Wal-Mart. Conversely, the Wal-Mart has adopted a lean strategy that has enabled it to enhance efficiency while minimising resource wastages, thus saving a significant amount of resources for the company. Currently, Wal-Mart operates approximately 8,900 outlets globally out of which 54% are located in America. In 2010, the firm reported revenues amounting to$ 408 billion, which was a 1% increase from the previous year. Arguably, Wal-Mart has been able to control the retail chain segment in the industry since it commands over 60% of revenues of the retail chain industry (Thomas, 2010). Wal-Mart is the preferred organisation for this study because of its long time success in the retail chain industry. The organisation recognises employee engagement as a crucial tool and mechanism for improving employee productivity and motivation. The organisation recognises employees as an imperative strategic resource through which it can deliver quality products to the customers and as a mechanism for achieving organisational goals and objectives. Thus, it is imperative to examine Wal-Mart in this study to find out how crucial employee engagement is to the organisations success. (Walker, 2012). Employee engagement and involvement is an emerging trend in the human resource department of organisations. It has become imperative that organisations should engage their organisations to ensure an organisation achieves its core objectives at the least cost possible. Wal-Mart over the years has invested heavily in its human resources through in-house training and engagement in key administration functions in which they are bestowed with immense responsibilities to enable them develop personally and gain self-drive in performing their assigned duties

Globalization, Technology, and Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Globalization, Technology, and Marketing - Essay Example A manager should be keen on finding out innovative technology according to the requirements of time. As companies are many, consumers will be offered quality goods at cheaper rates, so managers must try hard to retain their existing customers with high variety of want satisfying goods. Though the adoption of machineries and most modern technologies seems to be of much capital expenditure, they will compensate all these and hold good in the long run. In addition to products, the customers are to be provided with most valued services to win their loyalty. The ever changing business environment also demands it. As Saaksvuori and Immonen (2008, pp. 208-211) point out, since a technology based company has rather comprehensive technologic strategy, the management will be concerned about setting up a technological framework which will be distinct from other companies for production and manufacturing in the future. Once the production is completed, goods must reach the market to be distribut ed among the potential customers. A manager must also be prudent enough to seek new modes of transporting before the competitors bring their products to the market.